Author(s): Xingyang YANG* and Tzu -Ching Shih
This study reports our discoveries about the serious defects of the genetic topic “UUU’s degeneracy”, as
• Matthaei-Nirenberg poly-U experiment in 1961 never mentioned the degeneracy nature of first genetic code UUU.
• Ochoa’s experimental conclusion “3U:phe, 2U1C:phe” was lack of the chemical transforming process between “20 groups of 3 nucleotides (or 20 species
of amino acids)” and “64 linear nucleotide triplets( or 64 times of amino acids frequency), the mathematical transformation of three consecutive
nucleotides on Watson-Crick model of DNA from 64 linear triplets to 20 triangles (in Gamow’s observation of diamond code) could never be the
chemical relations to make “20 species of amino acids” repeated to “64 times of amino acids” , and Ochoa’s UUU was neither a group of three U, nor
linear triplet UUU.
• Many concepts involved in UUU’s degeneracy seriously violates Matthaei-Nirenberg poly-U experiment in 1961.
• In mathematics, the parameters array of (1:1, 1:1, 1:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:6, 1:6, 1:6, 1:6) is not only the “degeneracy
value” of each triplet, but also the “expansion value” of each amino acid, therefore, each amino acid can be chosen to correspond any value of triplets
in Gamow - Crick “coding” proposals.
• Wobble Hypothesis only changes anticodon and doesn’t change the species of amino acids on tRNA.
• In chemistry, Poly-(U,C) producing poly-phe in non-Nirenberg experiments serious violates Poly-U producing poly-phe in Matthaie-Nirenberg
experiments.
• No biochemists find the model protein in which the phenylalanine has only 2 shares, nor the total proportion among different amino acids are as “(1:1:2
:2,:2 :2:2 :2 :2 :2:2 :3:4 :4:4:4:4:6:6:6) “, and in which the model nucleic acid has 64 triplet (each triplet codon displays once in the model nucleic acids).
In the end, we suggest to cancel the concept of UUU’s degeneracy, i.e.: “UUU degenerate to UUC” cannot be established in biochemical sciences.
