Author(s): Pankaj Goyal* and Kishan Kumawat
Salivary gland neoplasm is rare entity in head and neck region, out of that pleomorphic adenoma is most common benign tumor. Submandibular gland is very unusual site for its occurrence while the parotid gland is the most prominent location. Here, we are presenting a case report of a twentyeight- year-old female patient with a swelling at right submandibular region which was managed by surgical excision.
Salivary gland neoplasm is uncommon. Most tumors that come from the parotid gland, are benign in comparison with the submandibular gland. Pleomorphic adenoma or benign mixed tumor is usually the most common. But not an ordinary presentation in the submandibular area. Once diagnosis is made, surgical excision will be the treatment of choice. There is a chance that it can turn into malignancy and this requires a histopathological correlation [1,2].
A twenty-eight-year-old female patient who came to our hospital with a history of painless swelling on her right neck (figure 1) for about a year and a half. The swelling, has steadily increased during the period. There was no history of dysphagia, odynophagia, difficulty opening her mouth, fever, or trauma. She denied any substance abuse. There were no co-morbidities. She took certain medications prescribed by her physician, but was not relieved. During the examination, the patient displayed approximately 4 x 2 cm swelling in the right submandibular area. It was soft, cystic, non-fluctuant, non-tender, slightly mobile. The skin over swelling is pinchable. There were no scars or sinuses in this area. There were no restrictions on neck movements. On bimanual palpation, there was no swelling present in the oral cavity. On Computed tomography scan (figure 2), it was revealed as well circumscribed rounded mass in the right submandibular region. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (F.N.A.C.) reported it as pleomorphic adenoma. After taking proper consent, patient is posted for surgical excision. The swelling was removed completely with preservation of marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve. Post operative uneventful. On histopathological report, it was concluded as pleomorphic adenoma. Patient was doing well during follow-up (Figure 3,4 & 5).
Neoplasms in the submandibular gland are rare. This results in the relative absence of reports of large series of patients in the literature. Benign tumors represent 85% of parotid lesions, while malignant tumors are more frequent in the submandibular gland (up to 80% of cases) [3]. Tumor-related inflammatory conditions are more common in the submandibular gland than in the parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenomas must be carefully managed for their ability to reproduce and undergo malignant transformation. The primary risk factor for recurrence is the rupture of the capsule and the subsequent release of a tumour during excision. The potential for malignant change was reported to be as high as 10%. Predictive characteristics of malignant change include age, tumor size, long history of swelling, submandibular location, and the presence of hyalinized stroma [4]. Surgery is the preferred method of treating benign submandibular gland neoplasm. It is always necessary to remove both the gland and the tumour [5-7].
Due to their rarity and requirement for a complete examination by a multidisciplinary team of doctors, salivary gland tumours are best addressed in specialised head and neck clinics. Since surgery can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic objectives, it serves as the cornerstone of their management. The surgical planning and preoperative counselling are the most crucial steps. Careful preoperative evaluation and the cytopathologic diagnosis of the tumour are crucial for safe and effective treatment because of the similarities in the symptomatology and clinical presentation of benign and malignant tumours [8].
