Author(s): Agustina Palamba, Muh. Saljan, Syarifuddin, Muh. Nuralamsyah, Masdianah AR and Agussalim*
Adolescence is a phase of developmental growth between childhood and adulthood. In 2013 the number of teenagers was 65 million people or 30% of the population of Indonesia. Parents find it taboo to talk about sex issues so teenagers are looking for alternative sources of information. Teenagers use mass media as a source of information. This study was to find out the relationship of social media use with the level of knowledge about free sex in adolescents at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar. Research design uses analytical surveys with a cross sectional approach. Sampling was with simple random sampling techniques. The number of respondents was 105 students. Data collection is done using questionnaires. Data analysis includes univariate analysis by looking for frequency distribution, bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test α = 0.05 to find out the relationship between variables. The results of the analysis of bivariate obtained a relationship between social media and the level of knowledge about free sex (p= 0.002). The conclusion in this study is that there is a strongly relationship between the use of social media and the level of knowledge about free sex in adolescents.
Adolescence is a period of change or transition from childhood to adulthood, accompanied by various changes both physically, psychologically, and socially. Psychologically adolescence is the age at which a person undergoes a transitional period between childhood and adulthood describing adolescence as a stormy and stressful age, a stage when good and bad human traits perform simultaneously [1]. Teenagers have a great curiosity, but teenagers do not get the opportunity to get enough information and knowledge related to sexuality. As a form of curiosity, teenagers are looking for as much information as possible.
Teenagers often feel uncomfortable or taboo to talk about sexuality issues. However, due to the curiosity factor, they will try to obtain this information. Often teenagers feel that their parents refuse to talk about sex issues so they then look for alternative sources of information such as friends or social media.
Research conducted by FPA (Child Protection Forum) in 2005 explained that in 3917 teenagers in Hong Kong revealed that teenagers seek information from newspapers or lectures about sex as much as 89%, the rest they ask parents. The media plays an important role in the dissemination of information about adolescent sexuality. According to a survey on the sexuality of Indonesian Adolescents (SSRI) in 2012, South Sulawesi teenagers were informed by television for 92.60% of teenage girls and 72.90% of teenage boys. According to the results of the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJM) in 2013, the highest information media from television was 38.2%, radio 24.4% and newspapers 20.8% [2].
Sexuality survey in Indonesian Adolescents (SSRI) in 2013 explained that the level of knowledge of south Sulawesi teenagers in 2013 about sexuality is still low among adolescents who do not know the impact of free sex by 37.9%, adolescents who do not know about once sexual intercourse can get pregnant as much as 49.3%, while 43.4% have never heard of sexually transmitted diseases. Lack of knowledge about free sex can lead teenagers to free sex behaviors that can lead to the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV / AIDS.
In terms of geography SMA Negeri 12 Makassar which is located on the outskirts of the city, but in terms of achievements of students SMA Negeri 12 Makassar managed to put themselves with several high schools in the city of Makassar. The number of students of SMA Negeri 12 Makassar, especially grade X IPS (I, II, III, andIV) amounted to 142 students, with the number of female students as many as 74 and sons as many as 68 students. Vulnerable age at this school is at the age of 15 - 19 years or still classified in adolescence.
The interview results from 10 students of grade X IPS SMA Negeri 12 Makassar, 8 of who said that they often use social media to access the information needed during recess and outside school hours and they also have several social media accounts.
Based on the background above, the researchers are interested in researching “Relationship of social media use with a level of knowledge about free sex in teenagers”.
The research design used in this study is in analytical survey with cross sectional study approach that is measuring independent variables and dependent variables at the same time. Researchers will be held at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar in June - July 2018. The populations in this study were all students of grade X IPS consisting of several classes (I, II, III, and IV) who were in the school SMA Negeri 12 Makassar as many as 142 students. Samples in this study were taken using a simple random sampling approach, each respondent had the same opportunity to be a sample and samples were taken randomly from each student in class X IPS (I, II, III, IV) at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar.
To get the information that researchers want using questionnaires as data collection instruments developed by researchers according to variables to be researched and based on literature reviews. In conducting research, research needs recommendations from institutions over other parties by using permission applications to institutions where research. After obtaining approval, research is carried out by emphasizing research ethics issues that include: (1) Informed Consent (Providing Information), Informed consent is given before conducting research. Informed consent is in the form of a consent sheet to become a respondent. The provision of informed consent is intended so that the subject understands the purpose and purpose of the research and knows the impact. If they are willing then they must sign a consent sheet and if the respondent is not willing then the researcher must respect the decision.
(2). Anonymity (Anonymous), the researchers simply wrote down the data collection sheet code. Without specifying a name. (3) Confidentiality, The confidentiality of the information that has been collected is guaranteed confidential by the researcher, only certain groups of data will be reported in the results of the study.
Based on table 3 obtained by respondents of 105 people with different classes. With the number of class X.I / IPS 35 people (33.3%), class X.II / IPS 20 people (19.0%), class X.III / IPS 18 people (17.1%) and class X.IV / IPS 32 people (30.5%).
Based on table 5, respondents obtained a total of 105 people with different levels of knowledge about free sex, with the amount of good knowledge amounting to 60 people (57.1%), and less knowledge of 45 people (42.9%).
Based on table 6 obtained the number of respondents of 105 people, with the relationship of social media use with a level of knowledge about free sex in adolescents with the number who use social media both as many as 74 people (70.5%), among them consists of students who have good knowledge of 35 people (33.3%), and students who have poor knowledge 39 people (37.1%), while students who use social media is not good 31 people (29.5%) , consisting of students who have poor knowledge 6 people (5.7%) and students who have knowledge of free sex are both 25 people (23.8%).
From the results of the data using statistical test Chi -Square (Pearson Chi- square) obtained the value P = 0.002, which shows P α (0.05). This means there is a connection between social media and the level of knowledge about free sex in teenagers at SMAN 12 Makassar.
Based on statistics test results using Chi-Square (Pearson ChiSquare) df = 1 α (0.05) obtained the value p = 0.002, which indicates p<α (0.05). This means there is a connection between the use of social media and the level of knowledge about free sex in teenagers at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar. With a score = 10,579 means that good use of social media has a 10.5 times chance of increasing adolescent knowledge of free sex.
The result of research show that is using media social to access the internet about free sex with a good category of 74 people (70.5%). The researchers assume, the more a person accesses material about free sex through social media then better based on knowledge about sexuality itself. This is in accordance with the opinion of Sutisna, that most teenagers use social media (internet / online media) to get the information they have. But there are also teenagers whose social media use is not good as many as 31 people (29.5%). The researchers’ assumptions, poor use of social media were caused by a lack of interest in learning and students’ curiosity about free sex itself. According to researchers this can happen because knowledge is not only influenced by information from peers but there are several factors that can influence one’s knowledge, as stated by Sukmadinata who said knowledge is influenced by internal factors namely physical and spiritual as well as external factors such as, education, exposure to mass media, social relationships, and experiences.
Result of study show with the variable of level of knowledge about free sex is majority of the respondents have the level of knowledge with a good category of 60 people (57.1%). Level of knowledge is about free sex fall into the category of good. The assumption of researchers, respondents who have good knowledge usually have a good response to free sex when compared to respondents whose knowledge is less about free sex. Good knowledge about free sex owned by students especially students at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar is certainly motivated by the active participation of the school, but there are still students who have less knowledge about free sex as many as 45 people (42.9%).
This could be due to the respondent’s lack of effort to obtain information. This is also in line with the opinion expressed by Notoatmodjo that learning is actually an attempt to gain new things in behavior (knowledge, proficiency, skills, and values) with his own psychiatric activities. From the above statement it is clear that the learning process is to obtain something new, which used to not exist now, who do not know to know and who is not understood so understand.
In students whose knowledge is lacking, the tendency to take action or curiosity towards something will be less in line with the development of modern times and association and a sense of shy that is still high so that the desire to know something is more dominated by the influence of the environment itself. Teenagers usually always have a sense of curiosity and a desire to try new things. This is in line with what Amirul explained that the age of teenagers where they experience stress so that when problems arise in the teenager they will find out through his association or through social media.
Piaget’s theory states that teenagers tend to build their knowledge from the information they get from social media, friends, and parents. Teenagers combine their experiences and observations to shape their knowledge and include new thoughts they get from sources of information because additional information will develop their understanding of knowledge [3].
Sutopo in Muktiyo, argues that in the process of social change, it can be said that social media has a strategic role in disseminating messages and information. Communication as a process of transferring information, messages, knowledge and technology has a huge role in bringing about changes in people’s thoughts, attitudes and behaviors.
Potter in Muktiyo, argues that the structure of knowledge is built from the expertise and information received both from the media and from the (world) real environment. Social media even though it has the ability to construct the reality of media based on media subjectivity, but the presence of mass media in one’s life is a source of knowledge without limits [4].
Another study conducted by Winarni, The Relationship of Sources of Information with Adolescent Knowledge about sexuality in SMUN 1 Jetis Bantul Yogyakarta obtained the results that the more information teenagers get about sexuality, the better the level of knowledge about sexuality itself [5-15].
From the results of research on the relationship of social media use with the level of knowledge about free sex in adolescents in SMAN 12 Makassar can be drawn concluded: From the results of data using chi-square statistic test (Pearson Chi-Square) df = 1 α (0.05) obtained the value p = 0.002, which indicates p<α (0.05). This means there is a connection between the use of social media and the level of knowledge about free sex in teenagers at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar.
For the institution it is hoped that school institutions can incorporate educational material about free sex into the curriculum or conduct regular counseling on free sex education so that teenagers can understand about free sex itself and it is expected that teenagers will seek correct information about the knowledge of free sex not only through social media but also through other sources of information so that teenagers do not fall into deviant behavior and there is expected to be good communication between adolescents and parents, also for parents gave more dedication and education and understanding of free sex for adolescents, in order to avoid the influence of the environment and association and the influence of friends that adversely affect the mental and spiritual youth, and the last is Further research is expected to further develop this research using better methods, thus providing quality results in conducting counseling on the relationship of social media use with a level of knowledge about free sex in adolescents.
We are grateful honor to the Ministry of Health of the Indonesian Republic to allow publishing this research in international journals.
Although this research has been carried out in accordance with the procedure, researchers still realize that this research also has limitations, both related to instruments, population and samples, as well as the validity of data. The limitation referred to in this study is that there are still a small percentage of respondents who do not want to give serious information.
